Good wear resistance of piston rings

The function of piston ring includes four functions: sealing, adjusting engine oil, heat conduction and guiding. Sealing: refers to sealing the gas to prevent the gas in the combustion chamber from leaking to the crankcase, controlling the leakage of the gas to a minimum and improving the thermal efficiency. Air leakage will not only reduce the power of the engine, but also deteriorate the engine oil, which is the main task of the Air ring; Scrape off the excess lubricating oil on the cylinder wall, and at the same time make the cylinder wall covered with a thin oil film to ensure the normal lubrication of the cylinder, piston and ring. Today's piston rings are made of cast iron and steel of various qualities. Firstly, the bearing capacity of cast iron material is investigated according to the indexes of material strength, elongation, fatigue strength and wear resistance, for the first compression ring, a ductile iron with high bending strength and elastic modulus should be specially selected, and its matrix is martensite to obtain high hardness, the side has good wear resistance. In the past 15 years, 1st compression rings of gasoline engines in the world have been changed from cast iron rings to steel rings, especially in Europe and Japan. Under the condition of high rotating speed of gasoline engines, 1st steel rings with low axial height have now become standard parts. During this period, more than 1st of the 90% rings of engines developed are nitrided steel rings, however, most of the 2nd rings adopt cast iron rings with lower cost, and select corresponding structural types and working surface coatings according to their respective functional requirements. 70 ~ of the heat received by the piston top ~ 80% is passed through the piston ring to the cylinder wall and scattered; Support: The piston ring keeps the piston in the cylinder to prevent the piston from directly contacting the cylinder wall, ensure the smooth movement of the piston, reduce the friction resistance, and prevent the piston from knocking on the cylinder. The second piston ring can be applied to the uncoated ring, and a material with refined sheet structure casting quality is developed under the condition of quenching and tempering heat treatment, good wear resistance is obtained by generating special carbides of chromium, vanadium, manganese and tungsten elements, as well as martensite matrix structure. However, GOE44 malleable cast iron is a material that can specifically generate residual carbide components in refining pearlite matrix structure, and can combine high tangential strength with good wear resistance. Due to the higher and higher requirements for material strength, fatigue strength and good wear resistance, it is now tending to further optimize the formation of spherical graphite in order to obtain particularly high bending strength under static and dynamic loads, at the same time, bainite matrix structure is used to obtain lower wear rate on the side and working surface of piston ring.

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