What are the working conditions of piston rings?

The working conditions of piston rings are extremely harsh and the stress is very complicated. It is affected by high temperature and high pressure gas in the cylinder during operation, and slides at high speed in the cylinder under extremely difficult lubrication conditions. In particular, the first air ring is directly impacted by high-temperature and high-pressure gas in the combustion chamber, and lubrication is extremely difficult. The temperature can reach 600 K, so the wear is more serious. And when the piston ring moves up and down in the cylinder, due to the influence of the taper and ovality of the cylinder wall, the piston ring will move one by one along the radial direction, making the ring subjected to alternating bending stress; In addition, due to the existence of backlash, when the piston is reversed at the upper and lower dead ends, the piston ring will also be impacted by the ring groove. Such a force can easily cause the piston ring to break. Therefore, the piston ring has always been the part with the shortest service life on the engine. Many engine overhauls are caused by excessive wear of the piston ring. According to the function and working conditions of the piston ring, the material for manufacturing the piston ring shall have good wear resistance, thermal conductivity, heat resistance, impact toughness, elasticity and sufficient mechanical strength. At present, the widely used piston ring materials include high-quality gray cast iron, nodular cast iron, alloy cast iron and steel strip. The outer surface of the first piston ring is usually chrome plated or molybdenum sprayed. The porous chromium layer has high hardness and can store a small amount of engine oil, which can improve lubrication and reduce wear. Molybdenum has high melting point and porosity, So spraying molybdenum can also improve the wear resistance of piston rings. It can be said that the piston ring is the most stringent component for materials and processing technology in the engine. Its service life is the service life of the engine. Some Japanese engines have a long service life and do not burn engine oil, the main factor is the good quality of the piston ring.

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