What are the uses of piston rings?

Piston rings are metal rings used to insert into grooves. Piston rings are divided into two types: compression rings and oil rings. The compression ring can be used to seal the combustible mixed gas inside; The oil ring is used to scrape excess on the cylinder. Piston ring is a kind of metal elastic ring with large outward expansion deformation, which is assembled into the section and its corresponding Annular Groove. Reciprocating and rotating piston rings, depending on gas or liquid, form a seal between the outer circular surface of the ring and one side of the ring and the ring groove. The forces acting on the piston ring include gas pressure, the elastic force of the ring itself, the inertial force of the ring reciprocating motion, the friction force between the ring and the cylinder and the ring groove, etc. , as shown in the figure. Due to the effect of these forces, the ring will produce basic movements such as axial motion, radial motion and rotary motion. In addition, due to its movement characteristics, accompanied by irregular movement, piston ring inevitably has floating and axial vibration, radial irregular movement, vibration, twisting movement, etc. caused by axial irregular movement. These irregular movements often prevent piston rings from functioning. When designing the piston ring, it is necessary to give full play to the favorable movement and control the unfavorable side. Thermal conductivity transmits the high heat generated by combustion to the cylinder wall through the piston ring, so it can play the role of cooling the piston. The heat emitted from the piston ring to the cylinder wall can generally reach of the heat borne by the top of the piston. The first function of the air-tight piston ring is to keep the seal between the piston and the cylinder wall and control the air leakage to a minimum. This kind of function is mainly undertaken by the Air ring, that is, under any operating conditions, the leakage of compressed air and gas of the engine should be controlled to the minimum to improve the thermal efficiency; Prevent the bite between cylinder and piston or between cylinder and ring caused by air leakage; Prevent faults caused by deterioration of lubricating oil, etc. The second function of the oil control piston ring is to properly scrape off the lubricating oil attached to the cylinder wall and maintain normal fuel consumption. When the supplied lubricating oil is too much, it will be sucked into the combustion chamber, which will increase the fuel consumption, and due to the combustion, it will have a very bad influence on the engine performance. Because the piston is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder, if there is no piston ring, the piston is unstable in the cylinder and cannot move freely. At the same time, the ring should also prevent the piston from directly contacting the cylinder to play a supporting role. Therefore, the piston ring moves up and down in the cylinder, and its sliding surface is fully borne by the ring.

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