Wear of piston ring and its Influencing factors

The wear between piston ring and cylinder liner of automobile engine has the following characteristics: 1. the piston ring reciprocates between the upper and lower dead ends, and the speed changes from the static state to a maximum of about 30 m/s, which changes greatly over and over again. 2. When doing reciprocating motion, the cylinder pressure changes greatly in the intake, compression, work and exhaust stroke of the working cycle. 3. due to the influence of the combustion stroke, the movement of the piston ring is often carried out at high temperature, especially the first gas ring, under the chemical action of high temperature and high pressure and combustion products, it is difficult to establish oil film, which makes it difficult to realize complete lubrication, but it is often in a critical lubrication state. According to the wear mechanism, piston ring wear can be divided into normal wear and melt wear (Scratch, scratch)Abrasive wear and corrosion wear. However, these wear phenomena will not occur alone, but simultaneously and affect each other. According to the wear position, piston ring wear can be divided into sliding surface wear and upper and lower end face wear. Generally speaking, the wear of the sliding surface is larger than that of the upper and lower end faces, and the sliding surface is mainly melt wear and abrasive wear; The upper and lower end faces are mainly impact wear caused by reciprocating motion of the piston. The maximum wear of the sliding surface of the piston ring often occurs at the dead center of the cylinder, because it is affected by high-temperature gas, which damages the oil film and causes conditions that are easy to melt, thus accelerating the wear of the piston ring. The so-called normal wear actually includes slight melt wear and abrasive wear. The sliding surface wear of each ring is different. The first air ring has the largest wear, the second ring is about half of the first ring, and the oil ring has the smallest wear. For example, after the 500h reliability test of the piston ring installed on the Steyr WD615 engine, the clearance wear of the first air ring opening is 0. 4 ~ 0. 6mm, the second opening gap wear is 0. 25 ~ 0. 4mm, oil ring opening clearance wear is 0. 3 ~ 0. 55mm. However, sometimes the wear of the oil ring is larger than that of the middle rings, which is due to the influence of the distribution of lubricating oil on the cylinder surface and the adsorption of impurities. The wear of the upper and lower end faces of the piston ring is mainly due to the mechanical grinding formed by the hard residue in the engine oil and the dust particles mixed in from the atmosphere on the upper and lower end faces, which is essentially abrasive wear. However, when the abnormal thermal deformation of the piston and the lateral clearance of the ring groove change, melting wear may also occur. There are many factors that affect the wear of piston rings, among them, the material and shape of piston ring, the material and structure of cylinder liner piston, lubrication state, structural form of engine, operation conditions, quality of fuel oil and lubricating oil are the main factors. Of course, in the same cylinder, the lubrication state has the greatest influence on the wear of piston rings. It can be said that the wear of piston rings depends to a large extent on the lubrication state. The ideal inter-annular lubrication is a uniform oil film between the two sliding surfaces. However, this situation does not exist in fact, especially the first gas ring. Due to the influence of high temperature, it is difficult to establish an ideal lubrication state.

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